Bismuth mobile promoter and cobalt-bismuth nanoparticles in carbon nanotube supported Fischer-Tropsch catalysts with enhanced stability

Metal nanoparticles on the surface of porous supports have found numerous applications in different areas science. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, which proceeds cobalt metal nanoparticles, is an efficient way to convert renewables and fossil feedstocks into alternative fuels. The stability catalysts essential even crucial parameter can be significantly improved by promotion. In this paper, a combination operando Quick-XAS, NAP-XPS, high resolution electron microscopy imaging, DFT modeling alongside with catalytic experiments has provided deep insights evolution bismuth promoter structure cobalt-bismuth supported carbon nanotubes. We uncovered noticeable migration metallic occurring during reduction step, leads redispersion over nanoparticles. Cobalt facilitated presence bismuth. working catalyst contains bimetallic located nanoparticle shell. promotion resulted increase stability. Characterization suggest preferential localization mobile at steps edges hinders sintering deposition improves